روحیه کارآفرینی و تأثیر آموزش‌پذیری آن در کاهش تکرار جرم: با بررسی سوابق محکومیت زندانیان سرقت و کلاهبرداری در زندان مرکزی تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

زندان‌های‌کشور با چالش ازدحام‌جمعیت روبرو هستند و یکی از عوامل تکرارجرم،نبود فرصت‌های‌شغلی برای زندانیان‌سابق است که به بازگشت آنان به جرم منجرمی‌شود.نهادهای‌زندان با ارائه برنامه‌های‌توانمندسازی اقتصادی نقش‌مهمی در افزایش مهارت‌ها و شخصیت‌سازی‌زندانیان دارند،اما این برنامه‌ها همیشه در افزایش نیات‌کارآفرینی مؤثر نبوده‌اند.فرضیه اصلی این تحقیق نشان‌می‌دهد که روحیه‌کارآفرینی بالا با کاهش نرخ تکرارجرم در ارتباط معکوس است.داده‌ها از طریق روش-نمونه‌گیری‌تصادفی از بین556 نمونه از زندانیان دو جرم سرقت و کلاهبرداری در زندان‌مرکزی تهران جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از آزمون شاپیرو-ویلک،تحلیل‌واریانس و ضریب‌همبستگی پیرسون بررسی شدند.نتایج نشان‌می‌دهد که میان تحصیلات،سن،تأهل و سواد مالی با روحیه‌کارآفرینی رابطه‌مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد و این روحیه با کاهش تکرارجرم ارتباط دارد.همچنین،مجرمان کلاهبردار نسبت به سارقین روحیه‌کارآفرینی بالاتری دارند.در نهایت، پیشنهاد می‌شود که برنامه‌های آموزشی کسب‌وکار برای زندانیان در آستانه آزادی و محکومان‌سابق اجرا شود تا احتمال خوداشتغالی و کاهش تکرارجرم افزایش‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The spirit of entrepreneurship and its educational effect in reducing recidivism: by examining the records of convictions of theft and fraud prisoners in Tehran's Central Prison

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Saffary 1
  • Razieh Saberi 2
1 Associate Prof., Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, ّ Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The country's prisons are facing overcrowding challenges,with one of the factors contributing to recidivism being the lack of job opportunities for former inmates,leading them back into crime.Prison institutions play a significant role in enhancing the skills and personal development of inmates through economic empowerment programs;however,these programs have not always been effective in increasing entrepreneurial intentions.The main hypothesis of this study suggests that high entrepreneurial spirit is inversely related to recidivism rates.Data were collected through random sampling from556inmates convicted of theft and fraud in Tehran’s central prison and analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test,ANOVA,and Pearson correlation coefficient.The results indicate that education,age,marital status,and financial literacy have a positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial spirit,which,in turn,is associated with reduced recidivism.Furthermore,fraud offenders exhibit higher entrepreneurial spirit than thieves.Finally,it is recommended that business training programs be implemented for inmates nearing release and recently released ex-convicts to increase their chances of self-employment and reduce recidivism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prisoner
  • Job opportunities
  • Entrepreneurial spirit
  • Economic empowerment
  • Trainability
  • Crime recidivism reduction
  • Self-employment
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