عدالت ترمیمی به مثابه آزادی؛ کوششی در جهت فهم جایگاه عدالت ترمیمی در نظام عدالت کیفری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، گروه حقوق، پژوهشکده مطالعات سیاسی،روابط بین الملل و حقوق، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار علوم سیاسی، گروه پژوهشی نظریه‌پردازی سیاسی در ایران، پژوهشکده مطالعات سیاسی، روابط بین الملل و حقوق، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی،تهران، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از مبانی عدالت ترمیمی، اصل «آزادی به مثابه عدم سلطه» است. این اصل، فارغ از برخی تبصره‌های جمهوری‌خواهانه، بر اصلِ «آزادی منفی»، به عنوان محصول حق طبیعی مدرن، استوار است. لذا، تحقّق عدالت ترمیمی از پیش مستلزم وجود شرایطی است که در آن ایده حق طبیعی، به عنوان ایده‌ای ناسازگار با برداشت‌های فراانسانی (الهی) از خیر، مستحکم شده باشد. بنابراین، اتخاذ موضع «سازگاری‌گرایی» با تاکید بر مشابهت‌ها میان عدالت ترمیمی و برخی سازوکارهای مندرج در رژیم‌های حقوقی غیرلیبرال، موجّه به نظر نمی‌رسد. تقویت عدالت ترمیمی در نظام عدالت کیفری ایران، با توجه به تشدید مدرنیزاسیون در جامعه‌ی ایران، مستلزم بازنگری و همسو شدن قانونگذار با استلزامات آزادی به مثابه مهم‌ترین مبنای عدالت ترمیمی است. لذا، فهم مبانی مدرنیستیِ عدالت ترمیمی، و التفات به واقعیتِ وجودی جامعه ایران، برای کمک به عبور از ناهمسازیِ گفتمان حقوقی و قضایی به سود یک نظام کیفری متناسب با تحولّات عینی، ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Restorative Justice as Freedom; An Effort to Understand the Position of Restorative Justice in Iran's Criminal Justice System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Mirmajidi 1
  • ُShervin Moghimi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Law Department, Institute for Political Studies, International Relations and Law, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Political Science, Research Group on Political Theorizing in Iran, Institute for Political Studies, International Relations and Law, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The foundation of restorative justice is the principle of “freedom as non-domination”. This principle, apart from certain republican requirements, is based on the idea of “negative liberty”, which is a product of modern natural rights. Therefore, the realization of restorative justice necessitates conditions where the concept of natural rights is firmly established as incompatible with transcendent (divine) interpretation of the good. Consequently, adopting a “compatibilist” stance that emphasizes similarities between restorative justice and certain mechanisms found in non-liberal regimes does not seem justified. Strengthening restorative justice within Iran’s criminal justice system, especially in light of the increasing modernization in Iranian society, requires a reevaluation and alignment of lawmakers with the implications of freedom as the most crucial foundation of restorative justice. Thus, understanding the modernist foundations of restorative justice and acknowledging the existential realities of Iranian society are essential for bridging the inconsistencies in legal and judicial discourse towards a criminal system that aligns with objective transformations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Restorative Justice
  • Negative Freedom
  • freedom as non-domination
  • Criminal justice system
  • Liberalism
  • Legislative discourse
  • Judicial discourse
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