ماهیت و ارکان مسُولیت مافوق در اساسنامه دیوان کیفری بین المللی با تاکید بر رویه قضایی دیوان در پرونده های اوکراین و فلسطین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از اشکال مسئولیت کیفری در جرایم بین‌المللی، مسئولیت مافوق مندرج در ماده 28 اساسنامه دیوان است که شامل مقام‌های نظامی و غیرنظامی می‌شود. با صدور کیفرخواست علیه مقام‌های عالی‌رتبه نظامی و غیرنظامی در پرونده‌های اوکراین و فلسطین توسط دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی با استناد به مواد 25 و یا 28 اساسنامه دیوان این پرسش مطرح می‌گردد تحت چه شرایطی یک مافوق با وجود اشکال متنوع مسئولیت مقرر در ماده 25، به موجب ماده 28 واجد مسئولیت کیفری بین‌المللی شناخته می‌شود؟ این مقاله با روش توصیفی تحلیلی ضمن بررسی اساسنامه و رویه قضایی دادگاه‌های کیفری بین‌المللی به این نتیجه می‌رسد که مسئولیت مافوق به معنای خاص محدود به حالتی است که مافوق تعهد به کنترل مأموران خود را به درستی ایفا نمی‌نماید، در نتیجه به‌دلیل ترک فعلش و منوط به عدم اثبات سایر اشکال مسئولیت مندرج در ماده 25، واجد مسئولیت کیفری بین‌المللی شناخته خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Nature and Elements of Superior Responsibility in the Statute of the International Criminal Court with Emphasis on the Court's Jurisprudence in the Cases of Ukraine and Palestine

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh Ghorbani Darzi Mahaleh 1
  • Mahin Sobhani 2
  • Mojtaba Jani pour 3
  • Mohammadreza Nazari nejad 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
3 Associate professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One form of criminal responsibility in international crimes is superior responsibility, which includes both military and civilian officials. With the indictments against high-ranking military and civilian officials in the cases of Ukraine and Palestine by the International Criminal Court, based on Articles 25 or 28 of the Rome Statute, the question arises: under what conditions can a superior be held criminally responsible under Article 28, despite the various forms of responsibility established in Article 25? This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the statute and case law of international criminal courts and concludes that superior responsibility in the strict sense is limited to cases where the superior fails to properly fulfill their duty to control their subordinates. As a result, due to their omission and subject to the lack of proof of other forms of responsibility specified in Article 25, they will be recognized as having international criminal responsibility.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Command
  • Superior
  • Effective Control
  • Order
  • International Criminal Court

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پژوهشنامه حقوق کیفری
دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32
مقالات
آذر 1404
صفحه 137-150

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