حمایت از بزه دیدگان جرائم اشخاص حقوقی از رهگذر صدور قرار تأمین خواسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 استادیارگروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 دانشیارگروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

چکیده

امروزه در نظر حقوق کیفری، بزه دیده از جایگاه خاصی برخوردار است و به طرق گوناگون، از بیان دیدگاههای حقوقی گرفته تا تصویب قوانین مختلف سعی در حمایت از این افراد شده است. اشخاص حقوقی با توجه به نوع فعالیت و بعضاً رفتارهای مجرمانه‌ای که انجام می‌دهند، بزه‌دیدگان خاص خود را دارند.قانونگذار با پیش‌بینی ماده 691 ق.آ.د.ک باهدف ایجاد محدودیت‌های مالی و ایمن کردن خواسته و تضمین حقوق بزه‌دیده امکان صدور قرار تأمین خواسته نسبت به اموال اشخاص حقوقی را پیش‌بینی کرده است. به نظر می‌رسد صدور این قرار نسبت به برخی اشخاص حقوقی مانند شهرداری‌ها و اشخاص حقوقی دولتی، با موانع جدی مواجه بوده و به دلایل مختلف ازجمله حاکمیت برخی قوانین ماهوی و عدم امکان توقیف اموال اشخاص حقوقی حقوق عمومی، اهداف مقنن در این خصوص به نحو مطلوب قابلیت تحقق ندارد. بعلاوه امکان معافیت برخی اشخاص حقوقی به‌صورت موقت یا دائم از قرار تأمین سبب شده قرار تأمین خواسته علیه شخص حقوقی درمرحله اجرا نیز با مشکلاتی جدی مواجه باشد.در این پژوهش به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای فرایند صدور و اجرای قرار تأمین خواسته نسبت به انواع شخص حقوقی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و چالش‌های مربوط به اجرای این قرار با ارائه راهکارهایی بیان شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Protection of the victims of crimes of legal entities through the issuance of an order to secure the demand

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Chegini 1
  • Fereydoon Jafari 2
  • Seyyed Sajjad Kazemi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Bo Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, in the context of criminal law, the victim holds a special position, and various measures have been taken to protect them, ranging from expressing legal views to enacting laws. Legal entities have their own victims, depending on the type of activity and sometimes the criminal behavior they engage in. The legislator, by providing Article 691 of the Criminal Procedure Code, has foreseen the possibility of issuing a demand order against the property of legal entities to create financial restrictions and secure the claim and guarantee the rights of the victim. It seems that issuing this order against some legal entities, such as municipalities and state legal entities, has faced serious obstacles and, for various reasons, including the rule of some substantive laws and the impossibility of seizing the property of public law legal entities, the legislative objectives in this regard cannot be achieved in a desirable manner. In this study, the process of issuing and implementing a demand order against various types of legal entities is examined using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, and the challenges related to the implementation of this order will be expressed by providing solutions

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • legal entity
  • victim support
  • demand settlement of demand
  • supportive
  • victimology

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پژوهشنامه حقوق کیفری
دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32
مقالات
آذر 1404
صفحه 39-55

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