An Examination of Proactive Preventive Measures against Bioterrorism: Analyzing Challenges with Reference to International Instruments

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Roshdiyeh Institute of Higher Education, Tabriz, Iran.

2 PhD student of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.

3 MA student of Criminal Law and Criminology, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Bioterrorism, as a threat to global security and public health, can be employed as a political tool to instill fear and destabilize societies. Consequently, traditional security- and reaction-based approaches are insufficient, necessitating proactive measures and comprehensive, multidimensional strategies. Among these, proactive prevention approaches—particularly those targeting individuals, communities, and environments—play a critical role in reducing the risks associated with bioterrorism. Accordingly, this paper employs a descriptive-analytical method, grounded in criminological frameworks and international documents, to examine the role and significance of developmental, community-based, and situational preventive strategies in countering bioterrorism. It also addresses the challenges and limitations of these approaches and explores their application in reducing individuals’ likelihood of engaging in bioterrorist acts. Establishment of robust public health systems, deployment of early detection mechanisms for biological agents, strengthening border security, and the formulation and updating of emergency response plans are among the most important preventive measures in combating bioterrorism.

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Criminal Law Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 January 2026

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