Responsive regulatory approach to control urban crimes and violations, proposal of an executive model

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Department of Law, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Law Department, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Today, the daily life of citizens is affected by the occurrence of a type of violation of regulations that occur as a motivation to live in cities, and its continuation and high rate, in addition to depriving citizens of their comfort, requires dealing with them and criminal intervention, which itself creates a complex social problem in cities. has brought. This violation of regulations, which are called urban crimes and violations, has drawn an unacceptable future for cities that is not worthy of continuation. As a way out, the use of the criminal justice system and harsh and coercive actions are on the agenda. The resulting consequences involve a significant part of the citizens in criminal procedures and involve heavy costs. Using the descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources and law analysis, this article concludes that the approach of responsive regulation has criteria that can work more effectively, and based on the design method of the pyramid of responsive regulatio،  suitable pyramid with this approach Suggests and explains.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Ayres Ian And John Braithwaite/ Tripartism: Regulatory Capture And Empowerment/1991/Available At Http://Johnbraithwaite.Com/Retrieved 22novamber2023

    Babajani, Irfan; Abdullah, Afshin. (1400). The possibility of applying alternatives to criminal prosecution against natural and legal persons in the laws of Iran and France. Research Journal of Islamic Law, 22(1 (series 53)), 155-182. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/955922/،. [In Persian]

    Braithwaite Valerie/Regulatory Theory Foundations And Application/2017/Available At Https://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/J.Ctt1q1crtm/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Braithwaite,j/ Linking Crime Prevention to Restorative Justice /1998/ Ausralian National University/Available at Https://Www0.Anu.Edu.Au/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Braithwaite.J /Minimally Sufficient Deterrence/2018/Available At http//:128.135.181.078/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Braithwaite.J/ Street-Level Meta-Strategies: Evidence on Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation/2021/. Available At Http //: Www.Annualreviews.Org/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Bromley Ray/Street Vending And Public Policy: A Global Review/ International Journal Of Sociology And Social Policy · February 2000/Available At: 10.1108/01443330010789052/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Crawford Adam/ Contractual Governance Of Divant Behaviorur/2003/Journal Of Law And Socity/Volume 30/Number 4/Available At Https://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/1410369/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Crawford Adam/Restorative Justice And Antisocial Behavior Interventions As Contractual Governance/2009/Available AT Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/299636995/Retrieved22novamber2023

    Daniel W. Van /RJ City: Phase 1/ Final Report /Ness Centre For Justice & Reconciliation Prison Fellowship International //Retrieved 28 December 2023

    1. Rich Thomas/ The Use Of Computerized Mapping In Crime Control And Prevention Programs/ National Institute Of Justice/1995/Available At NIJ Research In Action/ Retrieved22novamber2023

    Fitful AL arid Leanne And Others/ Implementing Restorative Justice In Police Departments/ Police Practice And Research /Vol. 13, No. 5, October 2012, 450–463/Available at:
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
    Retrieved22novamber2023

    Foley, Tony. (2004). using a responsive regulatory pyramid in environmental regulation. Avalable at:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242267885/ Retrieved22novamber2023

    Gunningham, N, Grabosky, P with Sinclair, D (1998) Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy,Clarendon Press/Available at https://www.researchgate.net/ Retrieved22novamber2023

    Hashemi, Abdul Rasul, Azkia, Mustafa; Mousavi, Seyyed Yacoub. (1401). Sociological study of urban destitute strategies for survival in the city (case study: Heads of destitute households in Tehran). Local Development (Rural-Urban), 14(2), 528-511. doi: 10.22059/jrd.2023.346654.668749 ،. [In Persian]

    Hoshiari, Dariush; Esmaili, Mehdi, Kalantari, Kiyomarth. (1401). An analysis of criminal control against vandalism. Research Journal of Criminal Law, 13(1), 289-314. doi: 10.22124/jol.2021.19258.2106 ،. [In Persian]

     Hosni Elham, environmental self-regulation, concept, foundations and tools (with a look at Iran's laws), Energy Law Studies, Volume 6, Fall and Winter 2, 2019, pp. 285-304،،. [In Persian]

     Ismaili, Mohammad. (2016). Preventive justice: curbing crime in the framework of the legal system. Criminal Law and Criminology Studies, 4(2), 297- doi: 10.22059/jqclcs.2018.239944.1232،،. [In Persian]

    Janipour, Mojtabi; Qarib, Rokhsare (2016). A comparative study of the scope and criteria of criminal mediation in the laws of Iran, England and Belgium. Research Journal of Criminal Law, 8(1), 237-258. doi: 10.22124/jol.2017.2294،. [In Persian]

    Jennifer Wood, Clifford Shearing And Jan Frosted /restorative justice and nodal governance/ International Journal Of Comparative And Applied Criminal Justice · February 2011/Available At 10.1080/01924036.2011.53568/ Retrieved22novamber2023

    Jeroen van der Heijden and Olga Batura (2023) “Enforcement concepts and strategies in the EU.” IN: Scholten, M. (ed), Handbook of EU Law Enforcement. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 76-90

    Kolieb, Jonathan. (2015). when to punish, when to persuade and when to reward: strengthening responsive regulation with the regulatory diamond. Monash University law review. Monash University. Faculty of Law./Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285591286/ Retrieved22novamber2023

    Mehra, Nasreen; Roudsarabi, Hassan. (1400). Decriminalization of police in the English criminal justice system, basics and effects. Journal of Legal Research, 24(96), 109-138. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1063620/fa،. [In Persian]

    Mela, A. Urban public space between fragmentation, control and conflict. City Territ Archit 1, 15 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-014-0015-0/ Retrieved22novamber2023

    Mina, Mehran; Rahimi Mohammad Mehdi. (2018). Analyzing and investigating the role of criminal law in sustainable urban development: a case study of extreme retail density management in Iranian metropolises. Quarterly Journal of Geography (Regional Planning), 9(35), 538-611. ،. [In Persian]

    Nobahar, Rahim; Shah Begi, Iman. (2019). The evolution of the paradigm of punishment to regulation in the light of responsive regulation theory. Studies in Criminal Law and Criminology 50(2), 515-539. doi: 10.22059/jqclcs.2021.261326.1325 ،. [In Persian]

    Pranis Kay/ Building Community Support for Restorative Justice: Principles and Strategies/1995/Available at Https://Www.Iirp.Edu/News/Retrieved22novamber2023