نقطه تلاقی پارادایم ذهنی و عینی در شروع به قتل عمدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از دشواری های تشخیص شروع به قتل عمدی، یافتن نقطۀ آغازینِ اقدامی است که از سویی مبیّن ارادۀ قطعی فرد بر ارتکاب قتل و از سوی دیگر تطبیق آن رفتار با چارچوبِ قانونی باشد. برای حل این معمّا دو الگوی عینی و ذهنی مطرح است. در الگوی عینی مرتکب با عبور از اقدامات مقدماتی، رکن مادی جرم را آغاز می کند. در مقابل، الگوی ذهنی داشتنِ قصدِ سوء را نیز برنمی تابد و شروع به اجرا، توسل به افعالی است که نشان گر ارادة قطعی فاعل بر ارتکاب جرم باشد. در نقطه تلاقی این الگوها، افعالی شروع به اجرا به شمار می آیند که با نتیجۀ مجرمانه رابطۀ علیّ داشته باشند، به این ترتیب بینِ صرفِ قصد و افعال بعیده و اقدام عملی به ستاندن جان دیگری باید قائل به تفکیک شد. در این پژوهش آستانۀ شروع به قتل عمدی، همچنین لزوم برگزیدنِ رویه ای واحد در محاکم قضایی، به شیوۀ توصیفی بررسی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The intersection of objective and subjective paradigms in the attempting of murder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Salmanpour 1
  • kourosh Azimi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the problems for distinguish the attempted murder is indeed finding the starting point of action which, On the one hand, it demonstrates the individual's firm intention to commit murder, and on the other hand, it involves the alignment of that conduct with the legal framework. To solve this riddle, two paradigms — the objective and the subjective — are proposed. In the objective model, the offender begins the material element of the crime after passing the preparatory acts. In contrast, the subjective model does not tolerate malicious intent either, and start of action involves acts that reflect the perpetrator’s firm intention to commit the crime. At the intersection of these models, acts are considered as the commencement of execution if they have a causal link with the criminal result. Thus, a distinction must be made between mere intent and remote acts, and the actual attempt to take another person's life. In this article, the threshold for the commencement of intentional murder, as well as the necessity of adopting a unified approach in judicial courts, was examined in a descriptive manner.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • attempted murder
  • executive operations
  • starting threshold
  • objective
  • and subjective paradigm

مراجع

Aghaei Nia. H (2013) Offences against the persons. Tehran. Mizan [in Persian]
Ardabili. M.A (2017) General criminal law Vol: 1. Tehran. Mizan [in Persian]
Bohlander. M (2011) Fundamentals of German Criminal Law. Translated by A. Asli. Tehran. Majd [in Persian]
Calleja. L (1994) Attempt crime: A comparative study. University of Malta
Criminal attempts act (1981)
Duff. A & Stuart P. Green (2011). Philosophical foundations of Criminal law. Oxford university press
Elliott. K & Quinn. F (2016) Criminal law. 11th edition. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow CM20 2JE United Kingdom
Estefani.G & Levasseur. G & Bullock. B (1998) General criminal law. Translated by Dadban. H. Tehran. Allameh Tabatabaei University [in Persian]
Fletcher. G. P (1998). Basice concepts of criminal law. Published by Oxford University
FarhodiNia. H (2003) Inchoate offences (Comparative Study). First Edition. Tabriz. Forouzesh Publications [in Persian]
Feyzi. A (2011) The attempted of murder in Iran's criminal, legislative, and judicial politics. Master of Criminal Law and Criminology. Tehran. University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services [in Persian]
Ghazaei Alamdari. A.H (2018) Initiation of intentional crimes in the light of criminal court decisions. Master of Criminal Law and Criminology. Tehran. Allameh Tabatabaei University [in Persian]
Ghiasi. J & Salimi. E (2016) The approach of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 to punishing inchoate crimes. Journal of Criminal Law Teachings. No. 12 [in Persian]
Gholdozian. I (2006) Requirements of General Criminal Law, Tehran. Mizan [in Persian]
Godarzi Brojerdi. M.R & Meghdadi. L (2016) An Introduction to French Penal Code, Tehran, Khorsandi Publications [in Persian]
Hungerford-Welch Peter (2004) - Criminal litigation and sentencings. 6th edition. Published by Cavendish Publishing Limited. The Glass House, United Kingdom
Khaleghi .A & M. Rajab (2013) Analysis of a typical criterion in the mens rea element of murder (Comparative study) Criminal Law Research Journal, No. 2[in Persian]
Lafave. V. R (2011) Causation and Murder in the United States Criminal System. Translated by Aghaeinia. H. Tehran, Mizan
Mir Mohammad Sadeghi. H (2016) Offenses against persons, Vol. 1, Tehran, Mizan [in Persian]
Mohseni. M (1996) Course in General Criminal Law, Vol. 2, Tehran, Ganj Danesh [in Persian]
Motamed. M. A (1972) General Criminal Law, Vol. 1, Tehran, Tehran University Press [in Persian]
Mehra. N (2013) Encyclopedia of English Criminal Law, Tehran. Mizan [in Persian]
Najib Hosna. M (2012) Causality in Criminal Law, translated by Abbas Niaye Zare. Alli Mashhad, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences
National Judicial Opinion System. http://raay.ijri.ir/Judge/Index
Rajan. Suwarn (2018). Attempt in criminal law. )Advocate.  Supreme Court of India (
Smith & Hogans (2011). Criminal law. 14Th edition by David Ormerod and Karl Laird. Published by Oxford university press
Signorelli. W. P (2011) .Criminal law, Procedure and Evidence. CRC press Taylor & Francis Group
Sharifi. M (2021) A study on the changes in the initiation of crime in the Iranian penal system. Journal of Legal Research. Volume 20(46) [in Persian]
Shirzad. J (2006) Police and Forensic Medicine, Tehran, Police University Publishing Office [in Persian]
Shiri. A (2017) Specialized Criminal Law Textbook, First Office of Intentional Crimes. University of Tehran [in Persian]
Saneei. P (2003) General Criminal Law, Tehran, New Design Publications [in Persian]

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار