بازخوانی امر سیاسی در واکاوی مبانی جرم‌انگاری کفرگویی در غرب با تأکید بر نظام حقوقی انگلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز ، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

کفرگویی به معنای انکار آموزه‌های دینی در طی تاریخ به دلایل متعددی جرم‌انگاری شده است؛ ریشۀ این دلایل در نهایت به پنج بنیاد فرمان الهی، حفاظت از سنت، حفظ قدرت قانون، حفظ حرمت اشخاص و جلوگیری از تبعیض می‌رسد. نظر به ایراداتی که به چهار بنیاد نخست وارد است و همچنین با توجه به این که نفی تبعیض از جملۀ شرایط آزادی و خود آئینی انسان است، در این مقاله نشان داده شده که تنها مبنایی که می‌تواند اطلاق حق بر آزادی بیان را به شکلی سازگار با مبانی حقوق بشر محدود کند، مبنای پنجم است. با استفاده از این مبنا روشن می‌شود که جرم کفرگویی تنها در شرایطی محقق می‌شود که اولاً اعتقادات اقلیت مورد خدشه قرار گرفته باشد و ثانیاً انگیزۀ ضدیت با آن اقلیت در مرتکب مطرح باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Revisiting the Political Dimension in Analyzing the Foundations of Blasphemy Laws: With a Focus on the English Legal System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Salehi 1
  • Emad Safarnejad 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate, Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Blasphemy, defined as the denial of religious doctrines, has been criminalized throughout history for various reasons. Ultimately, these reasons can be traced back to five foundations: divine command, the preservation of tradition, the maintenance of legal authority, the protection of personal dignity, and the prevention of discrimination. Given the criticisms that can be leveled against the first four foundations, and considering that the rejection of discrimination is a condition of human freedom and self-determination, this article demonstrates that only the fifth foundation can justify limiting the right to freedom of expression. Using this foundation, it becomes clear that the crime of blasphemy is only established when, firstly, the beliefs of a minority group are undermined and, secondly, the perpetrator has a motive of hostility towards that minority.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blasphemy
  • Foundations of criminalization
  • Insult to religion
  • Apostasy
  • England

مراجع

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