قلمرو اسناد سازمان‌های جهانی و منطقه‌ای در تقویت ظرفیت‌های حقوقی مقابله با جرایم تروریستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

جرایم تروریستی تهدیدی جدی برای جان و امنیت مردم و یک چالش امنیتی عمیق برای کشورها است. در عین حال، مقررات، سیاست‌ها و سایر سازوکارهای ضدجرایم تروریستی می‌تواند به‌طور مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم محدودیت‌های جدی برای حقوق اساسی داشته باشد و بر افراد، گروه‌ها و کل جامعه تأثیر منفی بگذارد. تلاش‌های سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و منطقه‌ای برای مقابله با جرایم تروریستی هرگز بدون چالش نبوده است. این سازمان‌ها نقش مهمی را به‌عنوان فضای گفت‌وگو و تبادل اطلاعات داشتند. در مذاکرات سازمان‌ها، دولت‌ها می‌توانند آموزش ببینند تا دیگر دولت‌ها را بهتر درک کنند و از این طریق مسیر را برای بهره‌گیری مطلوب و مؤثر ابزارها در آینده هموار کنند. سازمان‌ها ضمن مساعدت به توسعه درک متقابل و مطلوب، امکان هم‌گرایی دیدگاه دولت‌ها را پیرامون جرایم تروریستی فراهم می‌کنند. روش مطالعه در این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و بر پایه اسناد و منابع مکتوب به وسیلة مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای بوده که برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از ابزار فیش‌برداری استفاده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Scope of Documents of Global and Regional Organizations in Strengthening the Legal Capacity to Deal with Terrorist Crimes

نویسنده [English]

  • Peyman Namamian
Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Arak University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Terrorist crimes are a serious threat to people's lives and security and a deep security challenge for countries. At the same time, regulations, policies and other counter-terrorist crime mechanisms can directly or indirectly have serious restrictions on fundamental rights and negatively affect individuals, groups and society as a whole. The efforts of international and regional organizations to deal with terrorist crimes have never been without challenges. These organizations played an important role as a space for dialogue and information exchange. In the negotiations of organizations, governments can be trained to better understand other governments and thus pave the way for the optimal and effective use of tools in the future. While contributing to the development of mutual and favorable understanding, the organizations provide the possibility of the convergence of the views of the governments regarding terrorist crimes. The study method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on written documents and sources by means of a library study, which was used to collect information from a fingerprinting tool.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Terrorist Crimes
  • Global and Regional Organizations
  • United Nations
  • International Peace
  • and Security
Arndt, Michael (2013), India’s Foreign Policy and Regional Multilateralism, Critical Studies of the Asia Pacific, Hound mills, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 59–75.
Asust, A (2000), Modern Treaty Law and Practice, CUP, Cambridge.
Bagherinezhad, Zeinab (2024), A Contemplation on the Fundamental Principles Governing Criminal Proceedings, Criminal law Research, 15(1): 7-20. [In Persian]
Baumer-Schuppli, Fabian (2020), “The Proliferation of Definitions of Terrorism in International Law; A Story of Failed Symbolism and Premature Universal Jurisdiction”, The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal, 1: 39-57. 
Bitjam, Ramsin, Mohammad Ali Khosravi, Reza Jalali and Didekht Sadeghi-Haqiqi (2022), European Union's Normization Strategy in Facing Terrorism and the Growth of Extremism, International Relations Studies, 15(2): 113-139. [In Persian]

Black-Branch, Jonathan L., Fleck, Dieter (2016). “Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and Its Interrelationship with Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament”, in: Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law-Volume III; Legal Aspects of the Use of Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes, Jonathan L. Black-Branch, Dieter Fleck, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Bohn, Michael K. (2011), “The Achille Lauro Hijacking: Lessons in the Politics and Prejudice of Terrorism”, https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781574887808/
Blumenau, Bernhard and Johannes-Alexander Müller (2021), “International Organizations and Terrorism: Multilateral Antiterrorism Efforts, 1960–1990”, Terrorism and Political Violence, 2(35): 433-451.
Blumenau, B. Blumenau (2016), “The Group of 7 and International Terrorism: The Snowball Effect That Never Materialized,” Journal of Contemporary History, (51)2: 316–34.
Odinius, Daniel (2021), “G7 Diplomacy in the Fight Against State-Sponsored Terrorism”, in: Institutionalised Summits in International Governance: Promoting and Limiting Change, Daniel Odinius, Routledge,1st Edition, pp. 1-26.
Omenma, J. Tochukwu and Moses Onyango (2020), “African Union Counterterrorism Frameworks and Implementation Trends among Member States of the East African Community”, India Quarterly, 76(1): 103–19.
Faraji, Mohammad Reza (2014), Analysis of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization, Political and International Research, 7(24): 161-184. [In Persian]
Graham, K (2005), “The Security Council and Counter-terrorism: Global and Regional Approaches to an Elusive Public Good”, Terrorism and Political Violence, 17: 49-52.
Gunaratna, Rohan and Gloria Cheung (2020), “Regional Legal Responses to Terrorism in Asia and the Pacific,” in Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, by Ben Saul, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Pirbadaghi, Saeeda and Mohsen Abdulahi (2021), European Union Actions against Terrorist Crimes, Detective, 15(56): 43-63. [In Persian]
Pirouzan, Alireza (2009), The European Union and the Terrorism Phenomenon, Political-Economic Information, 24(266): 83-82. [In Persian]
Kazemi Naini, Sidmoussi (2014), The role of the UN Security Council in realizing the world slogan against violence and extremism; With an emphasis on Iran's proposed resolution, Foreign Policy, 2(29): 115-81. [In Persian]
Kodkhodaei, Abbas Ali and Nader Saed (2018), Combating Terrorism and the Strategy of the Organization of Islamic Countries in the Light of the 1999 Convention, in: Terrorism and Countering It, by Abbas Ali Kodkhodai and Nader Saed, Tehran: Publications of the World Islamic Peace Forum by order International conference of the global coalition against terrorism for a just peace, first edition. [In Persian]
Kraska, James (2017), “Effective Implementation of the 2005 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation”, Naval War College Review, 70(1): 11-22.
Murphy, Cian C (2019), “Terrorism and Transnational Law: Rules of Law Under Conditions of Globalization”, Law Research Paper Series, University of Bristol Law School, bristol.ac.uk/law/research/legal-research –papers.
Miller, Rory (2022), “The Gulf Cooperation Council and Counter-Terror Cooperation in the Post-9/11 Era: A Regional Organization in Comparative Perspective”, Middle Eastern Studies, 3(58): 435-451.
Namamian, Peyman and Omid Shirzad (2019), Criminalization of illegal behaviors against aviation security in the territory of the 2010 Beijing Convention and its Additional Protocol, International Studies, 11(41): 182-209. [In Persian]
Namamian, Peyman (2023), The response of the Arab League and the African Union to threats caused by terrorist crimes, Islamic World Crisis Research, 3(10): 75-95. [In Persian]
Namamian, Peyman (2022), "Legal and global developments in the application of anti-terrorist crime mechanisms in the age of violence and extremism, Policy Research on Development in Human Sciences, 1(4): 116-97. [In Persian]
Namamian, Peyman, Mehdi Shahbazi, Omid Ghanbari (2022), Researching the definition of terrorism as organized crime after two decades of the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, Excellence in Law, 13(1): 3-34. [In Persian]
Ramezani-Quwamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2017), Gradual development of regional criminal justice with an emphasis on the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, Criminal Law Research, 6(22): 261-283. [In Persian]
Ragab, Eman (2016), “The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries and Countering ISIS: Threats, Policies and Challenges”, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 9(4): 577-595.
Saed, Mohammad Jaafar (2009), Legal Criteria in Separating Terrorism from the Right to Self-Determination, Proceedings of the Muslim World Victims of Terrorism Conference, Volume II, Tehran: Publications of the World Islamic Peace Forum, First Edition. [In Persian]
Saul, Ben (2008), “Reasons for Defining and Criminalizing Terrorism in International Law”, Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional, 1(6): 174-198.
Saul, Ben (2016), “Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism and International Humanitarian Law”, Legal Studies Research Paper, 16(37): 1-16.
Talai, Farhad and Maral Javidbakht A (2022), Evaluating the role of South and Southeast Asian regional organizations in combating maritime terrorism: A case study of York, BIMSTEC and ASEAN, International Organizations, 2(5): 279-310. [In Persian]
Talai, Farhad and Maral Javedbakht B (2022), The Function of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1988 Rome Convention in Countering Maritime Terrorism, International Law Journal, 39(67): 171-200. [In Persian]
Van Ginkel, B (2003), “The United Nations: Towards a Comprehensive Convention on Combating Terrorism”, in: M van Leeuwen(ed), Confronting Terrorism, Kluwer, The Hague.
Zeballos, Melina, Carla Sophie Fumagalli, Signe Maria Ghelfi, Adrian Schwaninger (2023), “Why and How Unpredictability is Implemented in Aviation Security: A First Qualitative Study”, Heliyon, 9(3): 1-13.