قابلیت انطباق مجازات اشخاص حقوقی با اصول سنتی حاکم بر مجازات‌ها در نظام حقوقی ایران با رویکردی به نظام‌های کیفری آمریکا و انگلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

همواره مخالفین مسئولیت کیفری اشخاص حقوقی، عدم انطباق مجازات اشخاص حقوقی با اصول حاکم بر مجازات مانند اصول فردی کردن و شخصی بودن مجازات‌ها را به‌عنوان یکی از دلایل مخالفت خود عنوان می‌کردند. این موضوع  متأثر از آن است که آنان همواره وجودی مستقل از شخص حقیقی برای اشخاص حقوقی قائل نبودند. در نوشتار حاضر با رویکرد تحلیلی - توصیفی، انطباق اصول حاکم بر مجازات با وضعیت اشخاص حقوقی در سه نظام کیفری ایران، انگلستان و آمریکا بررسی شده است. این اصول، در سه دسته کلی اصول ناظر به جرم، مجازات و مرتکب جرم دسته‌بندی شده و موضوعات مربوط به هرنظام در ذیل آن آورده شده است. تحلیل  مذکور گویای این امر است که باوجود ادعای مخالفین، اصول مذکور قابلیت انطباق با وضعیت اشخاص حقوقی در اکثر موارد در هر سه نظام حقوقی را دارا می باشد؛ از این روی دلیل مخالفین در این بخش قوت کافی ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Adaptation of Punishments for Legal Entities to Traditional Principles Governing Punishments in the Iranian Legal System: A Comparative Analysis with Criminal Systems of the United States and England

نویسنده [English]

  • Amin Nikoomanazari
PhD in Criminal Law and Criminology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Opponents frequently argued that the lack of alignment between the criminal responsibility of legal entities and key punishment principles, such as the individualization and personalization of penalties, was a primary point of contention for them. This disagreement stemmed from their belief that legal entities were not always distinct entities separate from individuals. In this study, conducted through an analytical-descriptive approach, the alignment of punishment principles with the status of legal entities in the criminal justice systems of Iran, England, and the United States was examined. These principles were classified into three main categories relating to the nature of the crime, the punishment, and the offenders, with relevant issues discussed within each legal framework. The analysis revealed that, contrary to the opponents' arguments, these principles generally aligned with the status of legal entities in most instances across all three legal systems, thereby undermining the opponents' stance on this matter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • legal entities
  • punishment
  • principles governing crimes
  • principles governing penalties
  • principles governing offenders
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