تحلیل فقهی– مبنایی گسترۀ تعزیر در قانون مجازات اسلامی با تأکید بر قواعد فقه حکومتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

قانون مجازات اسلامی سال 92 در اقدامی آنی از یک‌سو اقدام به توسیع مفهوم تعزیر به ارتکاب محرمات شرعی (معاصی) نمود و از سوی دیگر، ضمن حذف عنوان «مجازات‌های بازدارنده» موضوع قانون سابق، دایرۀ تعزیر را شامل نقض مقررات حکومتی نیز دانست. با مراجعه به فقه شیعه، به‌ویژه قاعدۀ «التعزیر لکل حرام»، عنوان تعزیر، نه‌تنها قابلیت شمول تمامی گناهان، اعم از صغیره و کبیره، را نداشته، بلکه پاسخ دادن برخی اعمال غیرمعاصی به استناد صیانت از اجتماع و به‌عنوان قسمی از کیفرهای تعزیری از منظر فقهی فاقد توجیه مبنایی است؛ کما اینکه این اعمال از باب احکام سلطانیه و تحت عناوین دیگری، همچون «مجازات‌های حکومتی»، قابل توجیه به نظر می‌رسد. این در حالی است که اقدام قانون‌گذار از یک‌سو منجر به ایجاد تقسیم‌بندی مبهم و پرسش‌برانگیز، تحت‌عنوان تعزیرات منصوص و غیرمنصوص شده و از سوی دیگر سبب پیش‌بینی نهاد مرور زمان برای تعزیرات (برخلاف فقه امامیه) گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Jurisprudential Analysis of the Extent of Ta'zeer in the Islamic Penal Code: An Exploration of Government Jurisprudence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Salehi 1
  • Mohammad kazem zare 2
1 Assistant Professor, Public Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 PhD in criminal law and criminology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Islamic revolution has transformed Ta'zeer in Islamic law, notably through the 2013 Islamic Penal Law's Article 18. This shift broadened Ta'zeer's scope, encompassing Shariah prohibitions and government regulations. Despite drawing from Shia jurisprudence, particularly "Al-Ta'zeer Lakl Haram," the extension of Ta'zeer to non-disobedient acts lacks a clear rationale. Article 18 introduces a debatable categorization of punishments, dividing them into written and unwritten forms, and imposes statutes of limitations on Ta'zeer, contrary to Imami jurisprudence. This study navigates the complexities of these legal reforms, examining their historical and doctrinal evolution within government jurisprudence, offering insights into the interplay between Islamic law and contemporary amendments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ta'zeer
  • sin
  • deterrent Ta'zeer
  • government punishments
  • rulings of Soltanieh
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