نابرابری اجتماعی و جرم: رمزگشایی یک انقلاب در فیلم برف‌شکن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی ، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشجوی دوره کارشناسی ارشد حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

بر اساس رویکردهای انتقادی، نابرابری اجتماعی به مثابه یکی از علّت‌های اصلی ارتکاب جرمْ محصول بی‌عدالتی و تبعیض اجتماعی است. هم‌گرایی میان نابرابری، طبقه‌گرایی و جرم در جرم‌شناسی انتقادی نشان می‌دهد که ارتکاب جرم در قشر فرودستْ بیش از آن‌که ناشی از حالت خطرناک باشد، نتیجه ساختارهای جرم‌زا است. بر این اساس، این پژوهش درصدد است تا با استفاده از روش نشانه‌شناسی فیسک در سه قالب رمزگان فنی، اجتماعی و ایدئولوژیکْ ارتکاب جرم را در پرتو نابرابری اجتماعی در فیلم برف‌شکن بررسی کند. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، رمزگان فنی در قالب‌هایی چون نورپردازی، طراحی لباس، صحنه‌پردازی، موسیقی متن، تدوین و نحوه فیلم‌برداری، شکاف طبقاتی میان قشر فرودست و فرادستِ قطار را در واگن‌های مختلف بازنمایی می‌کند. بر اساس رمزگان اجتماعی مشخص می‌شود که فیلم برف‌شکنْ از یک‌سو، قشربندی اجتماعی در نظام سرمایه‌داری را در واگن‌های مختلف یک قطار بازنمایی می‌کند و از سوی دیگر، نشان می‌دهد که نابرابری اجتماعی و فشار عمومی نه تنها موجب ارتکاب جرم می‌شود، بلکه ممکن است منجر به شورش و طغیان علیه نظام حاکم ‌شود. با این حال، رمزگان ایدئولوژیکْ ضمن تأکید بر تضاد طبقاتی، نابرابری، نقد نظام سرمایه‌داری و استعاره واگن به مثابه طبقه، بازتاب شکست انقلاب پرولتاریا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Social Inequality and Crime: Decoding a Revolution in Snowpiercer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Daneshnari 1
  • Zeinab Khajavi Fakhrdavoud 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology,, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 MA Student, Criminal Law, and Criminology.Faculty of Law and Political Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad. Iran
چکیده [English]

According to critical approaches, social inequality as one of the main causes of crime is a product of injustice and social discrimination. Convergence between inequality, classism and crime in critical criminology shows that committing crime in the lower class is the result of criminal structures rather than being caused by a dangerous situation. Based on this, this research aims to investigate the commission of crime in the light of social inequality in the Snowpiercer film by using Fisk's semiotic method in three forms of technical, social and ideological codes. Based on the findings of the research, the technical codes in formats such as lighting, costume design, stage design, soundtrack, editing and the way of filming represent the class gap between the lower and upper classes of the train in different carriages. Based on the social codes, it is clear that the movie Snowpiercer , on the one hand, represents the social stratification in the capitalist system in different carriages of the same train, and on the other hand, it shows that social inequality and public pressure not only cause crime, but may also lead to Rebellion against the ruling system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Inequality
  • Critical Criminology
  • Class
  • Snowpiercer
  • Stratification
  • Strain Theory
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