سازوکارهای کارآمد و مشروع عدالت انتقالی

سبحانی, مهین

doi:10.22124/jol.2017.2289

سازوکارهای کارآمد و مشروع عدالت انتقالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مهین سبحانی

استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه گیلان

10.22124/jol.2017.2289

چکیده

عدالت انتقالی به معنی اجرای عدالت در جوامع انتقالی است. جوامع انتقالی جوامعی هستند که از تخلفهای گسترده و سازمانیافته حقوق بشری و بشردوستانه که اغلب به عنوان جرایم بینالمللی شناخته میشوند، به سمت یک صلح و سازش دایمی در حال گذار هستند. بسیاری از حقوقدانان بر این عقیده هستند که اجرای عدالت نسبت به جرایم ارتکابی مستلزم اجرای عدالت کیفری است. اما تجربه اغلب جوامع انتقالی بیانگر این است که اجرای عدالت کیفری در جوامع انتقالی نه تنها غیرممکن، بلکه بسیار خطرناک است. از آنجا که میتواند صلح شکننده در جوامع انتقالی را در معرض خطر قرار دهد. در عین حال برای تمام جوامع انتقالی اجرای عدالت کیفری امکانپذیر نیست. یک ارزیابی از جوامع انتقالی اثبات مینماید که اغلب این جوامع از سازوکارهای غیرکیفری مانند کمیسیونهای حقیقتیاب، برنامههای جبران خسارت و سازوکارهای سنتی اجرای عدالت جهت رسیدگی به جرایم ارتکابی در گذشته استفاده نمودهاند. در این مقاله به دنبال پاسخ به این سؤالها هستیم که عدالت از منظر یک جامعه انتقالی به چه معناست و به دنبال چه هدفی است و کدامیک از سازوکارهای عدالت انتقالی (کیفری و یا غیرکیفری) بهتر میتواند پاسخگوی اهداف یک جامعه انتقالی باشد و آیا سازوکارهای اخیر میتوانند در عرصه بینالمللی دارای اعتبار باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficient and Legitimate Mechanisms of Transitional Justice

نویسنده [English]

Mahin Sobhani

چکیده [English]

Transitional Justice means doing justice in transitional societies. Transitional societies refers societies to whith transit from gross and systematic human rights and humanitarian violations to permanent peace and reconciliation. Many scholars believe that doing justice versus gross and systematic violations means doing criminal justice. But experience of most of transitional societies established that doing criminal justice in transition period is not only possible, but also so dangerous. It is so dangerous because it makes to jeopardize frangible peace in transitional societies. Most of transitional societies use non-criminal mechanisms such as truth commissions, reparation programs and traditional justice mechanisms in dealing with gross and systematic violations committed during the previous regime. In this paper, I will examine these questions: In a transitional society, what does justice mean? Which of the transitional justice mechanisms (criminal or non-criminal) should be able to meet the needs of a transitional society? Can non-criminal mechanisms used in the transitional society be recognize in the international level.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Transitional Justice
Restorative justice
Non-Criminal Mechanisms
Reconciliation
International Criminal court

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