University of Guilan (with the participation of the Iranian Association of Penal Law) Criminal Law Research 2322-2328 10 1 2019 06 01 A Comparative Study on Conspiracy in International Criminal Courts A Comparative Study on Conspiracy in International Criminal Courts 81 104 3489 10.22124/jol.2019.8576.1395 FA Seyed Mostafa Mousavi M.A in Criminal Law & Criminology at University of Guilan Mahin Sobhani Assistant Professor , Uuniversity of Guilan Mojtaba Janipour Associate Professor, University of Guilan Journal Article 1970 01 01 M.A in Criminal Law & Criminology at University of Guilan According to the nature of international crimes which are often committed because of the conspiracy between two or more persons, there is much more need to criminalize conspiracy for international crimes than for ordinary crimes. Although there was the conspiracy in the Nuremburg and Tokyo Charters in general, it has been limited to Genocide in ICTY and ICTR Statutes and finally, it was removed from the ICC Statute. Exploring the statutes and jurisprudence of the international criminal courts shows that there are two different kinds of conspiracy: conspiracy as an inchoate crime, and conspiracy as a mode of participation. Even though by introducing various modes of collective responsibility in Art. 25(3) of the statute of the ICC, it is not necessary to express conspiracy as a mode of participation in the ICC, there also remains the necessity of criminalizing conspiracy as an inchoate crime in the ICC. M.A in Criminal Law & Criminology at University of Guilan According to the nature of international crimes which are often committed because of the conspiracy between two or more persons, there is much more need to criminalize conspiracy for international crimes than for ordinary crimes. Although there was the conspiracy in the Nuremburg and Tokyo Charters in general, it has been limited to Genocide in ICTY and ICTR Statutes and finally, it was removed from the ICC Statute. Exploring the statutes and jurisprudence of the international criminal courts shows that there are two different kinds of conspiracy: conspiracy as an inchoate crime, and conspiracy as a mode of participation. Even though by introducing various modes of collective responsibility in Art. 25(3) of the statute of the ICC, it is not necessary to express conspiracy as a mode of participation in the ICC, there also remains the necessity of criminalizing conspiracy as an inchoate crime in the ICC. https://jol.guilan.ac.ir/article_3489_c7cc603fb5a4ebe8c23e98fae3d16d4a.pdf