University of Guilan (with the participation of the Iranian Association of Penal Law) Criminal Law Research 2322-2328 8 1 2017 03 21 Accumulation of diya of life and diya of physical integrity Accumulation of diya of life and diya of physical integrity 187 206 2339 10.22124/jol.2017.2339 FA Fazlollah Foroughi Zahra Tavangar Journal Article 2017 07 19 Diya is an Islamic law instrument for the payment of financial compensation for the offences against life or physical integrity of another human being. One of the complex issues regarding the diya is how to determine the exact amount of diya that is due because of multiple offences. In the cases where victim has suffered multiple offences leading to multiple wounds, dismemberments, infringement of rights and privileges and ultimately death, the rule of multiple offences against life and physical integrity is valid, but there is no consensus among jurists whether only the highest level of diya (diya of life)should be paid or separate diya compensations should be paid for each case of offence and injury. The authors of this paper studied the principles and the literature concerning this issue to determine the cases where the rule of accumulation of diyāt is valid. The investigations showed that if death and other offences have a direct causality relationship, that is, when death is the ultimate effect of other offences, then victim family should be compensated by diya of life irrespective of the number of injuries, but if there are offences that have no such relationship with the death, the diya ofthose particular offences should be added to the diya of life that is due because of death of the victim. This argument is consistent with the Islamic Penal Code 1392, but is contrary to the dominant opinion of jurists. Diya is an Islamic law instrument for the payment of financial compensation for the offences against life or physical integrity of another human being. One of the complex issues regarding the diya is how to determine the exact amount of diya that is due because of multiple offences. In the cases where victim has suffered multiple offences leading to multiple wounds, dismemberments, infringement of rights and privileges and ultimately death, the rule of multiple offences against life and physical integrity is valid, but there is no consensus among jurists whether only the highest level of diya (diya of life)should be paid or separate diya compensations should be paid for each case of offence and injury. The authors of this paper studied the principles and the literature concerning this issue to determine the cases where the rule of accumulation of diyāt is valid. The investigations showed that if death and other offences have a direct causality relationship, that is, when death is the ultimate effect of other offences, then victim family should be compensated by diya of life irrespective of the number of injuries, but if there are offences that have no such relationship with the death, the diya ofthose particular offences should be added to the diya of life that is due because of death of the victim. This argument is consistent with the Islamic Penal Code 1392, but is contrary to the dominant opinion of jurists.

https://jol.guilan.ac.ir/article_2339_520a612c71a01bc692829d4439a1d078.pdf